The Oceanário de Lisboa is one of the largest indoor aquariums in Europe and the single most visited attraction in Portugal's capital. It was built for Expo '98 — the world exposition held on the old eastern riverfront that became the modern Parque das Nações district — on the theme of the oceans, and it has drawn families from across the world ever since. The building stands on its own pier over the water of the Tagus estuary, designed by the American architect Peter Chermayeff, an aquarium specialist.
Its heart is one enormous central ocean tank, holding around five million litres of seawater, deep enough that you lose sight of the far glass. Four large habitats are arranged around it — recreating the North Atlantic, the Antarctic, the temperate Pacific and the tropical Indian Ocean — so that as you spiral down through the building the same vast tank reappears beside each, glimpsed through huge acrylic windows. The illusion is of a single great ocean with the world's coastlines opening off it.
Around 16,000 animals of roughly 450 species live here, from sharks, rays and shoaling tuna in the ocean tank to puffins and the playful sea otters that are a favourite with children. The Oceanário is also one of very few aquariums in the world to keep the giant ocean sunfish, the Mola mola. It is a working centre for marine conservation and education as much as a place to visit — and, crucially for a city break, an indoor day out that works whatever the Lisbon weather decides to do.